Chromatography, literally color writing, was usedand named in the first decade of the 20th century, primarily for the separation of plant pigments such as chlorophyll which is green and carotenoids which are orange and yellow. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase. In paper chromatography applications, the mixture is partitioned between water molecules adsorbed on the paper and a solvent that moves over the paper. Chapter 1 introduction, chromatography theory, and instrument calibration 1. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. You will be looking for pens whose inks are watersoluble and some type of juices. The most common tlc plate is typically a rectangular piece of glass or plastic 2. Flash chromatography fostering molecular electronics. General principles ionexchange chromatography principles ionexchange chromatography resins net charge of amino acids, peptides, and proteins integrated and automated systems reading. Ionic samples inorganic ions ionized or ionizable organic molecules ic more complicated than neutral hplc also some special problems. Before embarking on this, though, i should explain how i came to be taking part in the collaborative work which dr. Chromatography column eluent in eluate out mobile phase solvent moving through the column.
Pc is considered to be the simplest and most widely used of the chromatographic techniques because of its applicability to isolation, identification and quantitative determination of organic. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Separation occurs as molecules are adsorbed and desorbed while passing over the surface. Sec is a method in which components of a mixture are separated according to their molecular size. Highperformance liquid chromatography hplc has been widely used for years as an analytical method and is a key tool for the separation and analysis of pharmaceutical drugs, for drug monitoring. This is reversed from normal phase chromatography, where the. Specific binding interactions affinity chromatography charge ion exchange chromatography size size exclusion chromatographygel filtration chromatography hydrophobic surface area hydrophobic interaction chromatography and reverse phase chromatography multiple properties multimodal or mixedmode chromatography. Stationary phase substance that stays fixed inside the column. Chromatograph is the separation equipment and chromatogram is an output chart obtained from the analysis.
This weeks laboratory deals with thin layer chromatography tlc and high pressure liquid chromatography hplc, which are used as analytical tools to analyze samples. The power of chromatography comes from its ability to separate a mixture of compounds, or analytes, and. Column separation liquidliquid, liquidsolid used for. Liquid chromatography is used in the world to test water samples to look for pollution in lakes and rivers. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that. Feb 05, 2017 introduction of chromatography, principle of chromatography, adsorption chromatography, partition chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, affinity chromatography. Highperformance liquid chromatography hplc scope instrumentation eluants, injectors, columns modes of hplc partition chromatography adsorption chromatography ion chromatography size exclusion chromatography. The molecules exiting the gas chromatograph are bombarded by an electron beam 70 ev which removes an electron from the molecule resulting in a charged ion. James, went on to develop gas chromatography the principles of which martin and synge had predicted in their landmark 1941 paper beginning in 1949. There are many different kinds of chromatography, but they all rely on having a mobile phase and a stationary phase. Ppt paper chromatography powerpoint presentation free. Chromatography and its types paper and column chromatography biology lecture duration. Other chromatography another member of chromatography, as often used as lc, is the gas chromatography gc.
Hplc was first named by horvath at yale university but hplc didnt catch on until the 1970s 1978. Introduction and principles of chromatography youtube. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Hplc lecture notes shodex hplc columns, detectors, standards. Chapter 1 introduction, chromatography theory, and. Apr 06, 2014 paper chromatographypaper chromatography paper chromatography pc was first introduced by german scientist christian friedrich schonbein 1865.
The history of chromatography spans from the mid19th century to the 21st. Biochemistry module chromatography and mass spectrometer biochemistry 282 notes zdetector identify the change in separation of a molecule. Hplc cont the term reverse phase chromatographywas used because rp is a form of partition chromatography where chemically bonded phase is hydrophobic or nonpolar e. Chromatography lecture free download as powerpoint presentation. Joseluis jimenez fall 2002 intro to ion chromatography ic hplc neutral samples last thu. Chromatography size exclusion chromatography sec is the general name for the chromatographic mode also referred to as gel permeation chromatography gpc for nonaqueous elution systems or gel filtration chromatography gfc for aqueous systems.
Examples of the application of chromatographic methods are i the purification. Analysis of polymers that require special conditions 7. Chromatography, gas chromatography, thinlayer chromatography and paper chromatography. Lets go over how paper chromatography works, since this is the simplest kind. Chromatography is a separation technique and the word chromatography originated from chroma meaning color and graphein meaning write. Thinlayer chromatography tlc is the traditional method of determining the correct solvent system in which to perform column chromatography, and. In 1952, during his lecture for the nobel prize in chemistry shared with synge, for their earlier chromatography work martin announced the successful separation of a. Gas chromatography is also sometimes known as vaporphase chromatography vpc, or gasliquid partition chromatography glpc.
Martin and synge receive nobel prize for invention of partition chromatography or plate theory to describe column efficiency 1966. It is used to analyze metal ions and organic compounds in solutions. Ionexchange chromatography introduction to chromatography. Introduced thinlayer chromatography as it is practiced today. Planar chromatography is a separation technique in which the stationary phase is present as or on a plane. Chapter 1 introduction, chromatography theory, and instrument. These alternative names, as well as their respective abbreviations, are frequently used in scientific literature. It physically separates a mixture into its individual components. Principles of chromatography process by which one separate compounds from one another by passing a mixture through a column that retains some compounds longer than others. Strictly speaking, glpc is the most correct terminology, and is thus preferred by many authors. Below is some terms commonly used in chromatography analysis.
Applied paper chromatography to inorganic compounds. Chromatography the term chromatography is derived from the original use of this method for separating yellow and green plant pigments. Chromatography involves taking some kind of mixture and using either solid or liquid to separate it out into its different parts. Sep 03, 2014 ion exchange chromatography lecture slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Each component moves a characteristic distance and can be identified by color or other property. In next weeks laboratory you will use column chromatography. Lecture 14 ion exchange chromatography pertinent reference is navon and stolper, geochemical consequences of melt percolation. Jul 04, 2017 chromatography and its types paper and column chromatography biology lecture duration.
Ion exchange chromatography lecture linkedin slideshare. Chromatography column chromatography is a universally used technique in chemistry laboratories in which compounds are purified from mixtures on the basis of some physicochemical property. Another form of chromatography where the stationary phase is a porous gel and the separation is according to the size of the molecule is gel exclusion chromatography. This is not an example of the work produced by our essay writing service. Liquid chromatography is a powerful technique to separate and purify organic compounds. Chromatography which entirely eliminated the use of a solid matrix support. The power of chromatography 9 comes from its ability to separate a mixture of compounds, or analytes, and. Chapter 1 2 3 introduction, chromatography theory, and.
Paper chromatographypaper chromatography paper chromatography pc was first introduced by german scientist christian friedrich schonbein 1865. Chromatography is also be useful for identification. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate. Applications of partition chromatography nobel lecture, december 12, 1952 this lecture is intended to depict some of the applications and consequences of the invention of partition chromatography. Notes on chromatography chromatograms of the inks of watercolor pens and juices still work the best, especially at the middle school age. Specific binding interactions affinity chromatography charge ion exchange chromatography size size exclusion chromatography gel filtration chromatography hydrophobic surface area hydrophobic interaction chromatography and reverse phase chromatography multiple properties multimodal or mixedmode chromatography. Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. Other separation modes, preparative and guard columns 1. Upadhyay department of pharmaceutical quality assurance, sigma institute of pharmacy, ajwanimeta road, bakrol, baroda390019. Thinlayer chromatography tlc is the traditional method of determining the correct solvent system in which to perform column chromatography, and analyzing the. The upper mantle as a chromatographic column, jour. Highperformance liquid chromatography hplc has been widely used for years as an analytical method and is a key tool for the separation and analysis of. High pressure liquid chromatography 20 chem 4 introduction chromatography can be described as a mass transfer process involving adsorption using a nonpolar stationary phase and a mobile polar phase titrating through the column.
Flash chromatography differs from the conventional technique in two ways. The scope of the journal includes chromatography and related techniques, electromigration techniques e. Partition chromatography is based on differences in capacity factors and distribution coefficients of the analytes using liquid stationary and mobile phases. Introduction of chromatography, principle of chromatography, adsorption chromatography, partition chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, affinity. Chromatography has since evolved into a very general separation method for many types of mixtures.
The active component of the column, the sorbent or the stationary phase, is typically a granular. Prepared first ionexchange celluloses used natural and modified starch. Typical uses of gc include testing the purity of a particular substance, or separating the different components of a mixture the relative amounts of such components can also be determined. The plane can be a paper, serving as such or impregnated by a substance as the stationary bed paper chromatography or a layer of solid particles spread on a support such as a glass plate thin layer chromatography. Ionexchange chromatography applied to various analytical problems.
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